Catalysis and Chemical Engineering Global Conference

The disciplines of macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry explore the ways molecules interact, recognize, and bind to one another, and, importantly, arrange themselves into complex structures. These discussions on host-guest chemistry, molecular recognition, and self-assemblies point to applications in catalysis, drug delivery, and materials science. This session will cover the principles and innovations in macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry, highlighting their pivotal roles in sustainable and advanced chemical processes.

Macrocyclic chemistry focuses on the synthesis and study of macrocycles: large ring-shaped molecules capable of selectively complexing with other molecules. Due to their unique structures, macrocycles such as crown ethers and cyclodextrins exhibit high binding selectivity, allowing them to recognize specific ions or molecules. This selectivity is leveraged in catalysis, where a macrocycle acts as a ""host"" for a substrate, positioning reactants in favorable orientations to facilitate highly selective reactions with minimal byproduct formation and energy waste.

Supramolecular chemistry extends beyond individual molecular species to investigate interactions between molecules through non-covalent forces, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions enable the design of self-assembling systems and host-guest complexes that mimic biological structures and functions. Examples include molecular cages and capsules that encapsulate guest species, enabling controlled release in drug delivery or selective catalysis.

One of the most promising applications of macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry lies in sustainable or green chemistry. Molecular recognition in these fields allows for the design of systems that guide specific reactions with precise control. For example, supramolecular catalysts can assemble reactants within highly ordered structures, achieving levels of efficiency comparable to natural enzymes. Reactions occur under mild conditions, minimizing the need for harsh reagents and reducing the environmental footprint.

Supramolecular chemistry also lays the groundwork for responsive materials, such as self-healing and adaptive materials or materials that change properties in response to external stimuli. These materials show potential in fields like nanotechnology, electronics, and energy storage. Understanding molecular interactions and spontaneous assembly at the nanoscale enables innovation in designing materials with tailored properties and functions.