Advanced materials have brought new focus to catalysis. Catalysts can now be designed to be more efficient, selective, and sustainable. From nanomaterials to bio-inspired catalysts, innovations along these lines have led to the growth of applied industries in energy, environmental science, and chemical manufacturing. This session explores how advanced materials have transformed catalysis, providing solutions to global challenges.
One of the most remarkable advances in catalyst design is nanomaterials. Manipulating materials at the nanoscale allows scientists to create catalysts with significantly larger surface areas, enabling greater participation in reactions and increased selectivity. For example, fuel cell catalysts involve nanoparticles that enhance fuel cell efficiency, making clean energy technologies more practical and accessible. Nanomaterials can be tailored for specific applications, from accelerating industrial reactions to capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide, a major step in combating climate change.
Another exciting area is bio-inspired and biomimetic materials. These materials mimic natural processes, like enzymes in living organisms, to create catalysts that are highly selective and environmentally friendly. Structures like MOFs and zeolites, which resemble natural formations, are used in catalysts that can conduct complex reactions with minimal environmental impact. For instance, these materials are employed in water purification, breaking down harmful pollutants without producing toxic byproducts.
Sustainability is at the heart of research on advanced materials for catalysis. With the use of abundant, non-toxic materials, researchers are designing catalysts that reduce reliance on precious metals and minimize toxic waste. This approach aligns with green chemistry principles, aiming to create chemical processes that are compatible with environmentally friendly industrial practices.